Federal Crackdown on Illegal Trade on Reservations
Superintendent of Indian Affairs issues a stern warning that trading, selling, or gifting liquor to Indigenous populations in Washington Territory is a federal crime punishable by imprisonment.
Information has been received at this office of the frequent and growing violation of the various provisions of the Act of Congress regulating trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes. The undersigned is unwilling to believe that such violations arise from wilfulness on the part of the numerous traders now operating in sections of the Territory hitherto and yet occupied by Indians, and in some instances upon the very land reserved to the Indians by Treaty stipulation. He rather believes that of the recent great influx of population, very many are ignorant that such laws are in force. Notice is therefore hereby given that SELLING, DISPOSING OF, BARTERING or GIVING to Indians, in this Territory, or introducing or attempting to introduce the same into the Indian country, is a grave offence, punishable by fine and imprisonment, by the laws of the United States; that within any Indian Reservation, the sale of any article of traffic, or merchandise, without first having obtained a license from the Indian Department, is also an offence of a high order; and that all such Liquors and Goods are, by the law, subject to be seized and forfeited. Agents have been instructed by this office to renewed vigilance in securing the faithful and vigorous execution of the laws above referred to, within their respective Agencies, and in bringing to punishment their violators. In the event of their inability to stay the sale, manufacture, or introduction, of ardent spirits, malt or intoxicating liquors, or the unlicensed trade upon or within any Reserve, they are enjoined speedily to call upon the U.S. Troops within their reach to assist them in carrying out said instructions.
“Agents have been instructed by this office to renewed vigilance in securing the faithful and vigorous execution of the laws... and in bringing to punishment their violators.”
This 1862 notice highlights the long-standing federal struggle to enforce trade regulations on reservations. Today, the relationship between state law and tribal sovereignty continues to be a central pillar of Washington civic discourse.
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